Tanzania

Tanzania has a tropical climate. In the highlands, temperatures range between 10 and 20 °C (50 and 68 °F) during cold and hot seasons respectively. The rest of the country has temperatures rarely falling lower than 20 °C (68 °F). The hottest period extends between November and February (25–31 °C or 77.0–87.8 °F) while the coldest period occurs between May and August (15–20 °C or 59–68 °F). Annual temperature is 20 °C (68.0 °F). The climate is cool in high mountainous regions. According to the 2012 census, the total population was 44,928,923. The under 15 age group represented 44.1 percent of the population.

Tanzania has two major rainfall regimes. One is uni-modal (October–April) and the other is bi-modal (October–December and March–May).

Tanzania is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west; and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern border is formed by the Indian Ocean. The economy of Tanzania depends on;

  

Agriculture

The economy is heavily based on agriculture, which accounts for more than 25 percent of gross domestic product, provides 85 percent of exports, and employs 80 percent of the workforce. 12.25 percent of the land is arable, but only 1.79 percent of the land is planted with permanent crops. According to the 2002 National Irrigation Master Plan, 29.4 million hectares in Tanzania are suitable for irrigation farming; however, only 310,745 hectares in June 2011 were actually being irrigated.

Minerals.

Tanzania has vast amounts of minerals including tanzaniate, gold, diamonds, coal, iron, uranium, nickel, chromium,tin, plainum,coltan, niobium, natural gas, and others.

Commercial production of natural gas from the Songo Songo island in the Indian Ocean off the Rufiji Delta commenced in 2004, with the gas being transported by pipeline to Dar es Salaam. The bulk of the gas is converted to electricity by both public utility and private operators. A new gas field is being brought on stream in Mnazi Bay.

Tourism

Tanzania has considerable wildlife habitat, including much of the Serengeti plain,  where the white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi) and other bovids participate in a large-scale annual migration. Up to 250,000 wildebeest perish each year in the long and arduous movement to find forage in the dry season. Tanzania is also home to 130 amphibian and over 275 reptile species. Other tourism attractions including Ngorongoro, Manyara, Mikumi, Ruaha, Selous, Kilimanjaro Mountain,  Isimila, and Amboni.

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